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Effect of iron supplementation programs on childhood anemia in the Puno region (Perú)

Mamani A.V.; Castro E.B.G.; Tudela L.L.; Mamani E.C.; Huisa R.M.C. · Nutricion Clinica y Dietetica Hospitalaria (2025) · DOI: 10.12873/451vilca

Resumen

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the budgetary programs Articulated Nutritional Program (PAN) and Specific Products for Early Childhood Development (PEDIT) on childhood anemia, through a comprehensive evaluation of the products offered by the programs and a specific evaluation of iron supplementation in children aged 6 to 35 months in the Puno region. Materials and methods: Longitudinal and cross-sectional study. The Engle-Granger cointegration method and the Logit model were used for children aged 6 to 35 months in the Puno region. The longitudinal sample includes observations from 12 years (2012-2023) and the cross-sectional sample includes 1,934 observations from the years 2021, 2022 and 2023. Secondary data were obtained from the Transparency Portal of the Ministry of Economy and Finance and the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES). Results: The anemia rate in the Puno region in 2012 was 73.7% and was reduced to 70.4% in 2023. According to the comprehensive assessment, childhood anemia decreases by 0.163% in the long term and 0.147% in the short term as an effect of increased public spending on budgetary programs. The specific evaluation, according to the Logit model, shows that the probability of anemia decreases by 0.3% with the consumption of iron drops, by 0.2% with syrup, and by 0.1% with micronutrients. Conclusions: Despite the interventions of the PAN and PEDIT budget programs under the Budget for Results framework, the prevalence of childhood anemia remains high in the Puno region. Although these programs show positive effects in reducing anemia, they have not been effective enough to achieve a significant reduction. It is necessary to review and improve program implementation strategies, as well as to explore new supplementation alternatives.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional del Altiplano