Ecological risk from two pharmaceuticals, diclofenac and ibuprofen, in Daphnia magna (water flea), Paracheirodon innesi (neon tetra fish) and Lemna gibba (duckweed)

Sanchez-Gonzales M.; Alvariño L.; Iannacone J. · Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Peru (2025) · DOI: 10.15381/rivep.v36i3.30905

Resumen

The ecological risk of the drugs diclofenac and ibuprofen was assessed in three indicator species: Daphnia magna (water flea), Paracheirodon innesi (tetra neon), and Lemna gibba (duckweed). Testing followed international guidelines and used the USEPA application to determine the LC(E)50. The Risk Ratio (RR) and Acute/Chronic Ratio (ACR) were calculated. L. gibba was the most sensitive species, followed by D. magna and P. innesi. From an ecotoxicological perspective, diclofenac poses a risk to freshwater macrophytes, while ibuprofen affects zooplankton, aquatic plants, and smaller fish. Guideline levels are suggested for both drugs to protect the aquatic ecosystem, establishing concentrations with no adverse effects on bioindicator taxa. ©Los autores. Este artículo es publicado por la Rev Inv Vet Perú de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto, distribuido bajo los términos de la licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) [https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es]

Instituciones: Universidad Científica del Sur; Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal