Ecological concrete with recycled paper aggregate: mechanical enhancement, economic analysis, and sustainability assessment

Goicochea Rimarache J.J.; García Chumacero J.M.; Palacios Espinoza J.M.; Granados L.M.V.; Chavez Cotrina C.O. · Innovative Infrastructure Solutions (2026) · DOI: 10.1007/s41062-025-02469-x

Resumen

The construction industry requires sustainable alternatives to reduce its environmental impact and costs. This study developed eco-friendly concrete by incorporating recycled paper (RP) as a partial substitute for fine aggregate (5–20%), with the purpose of evaluating its mechanical performance, economic feasibility, and environmental benefits within the Peruvian context. Using a methodology that included mix design for 21 MPa, laboratory testing, and numerical simulation with finite element analysis (gQuake), it was found that a 5% RP content increased compressive, tensile, and flexural strength, as well as the modulus of elasticity, by 8.69%, 4.71%, 14.06%, and 0.95%, respectively. This strength increase is attributed to improved compaction and stress distribution within the matrix. Conversely, proportions exceeding 15% reduced strength due to increased porosity. Economically, the use of RP reduced costs by 0.30–1.19% per cubic meter and decreased the consumption of virgin materials by 1.73–6.91%. Key environmental benefits include waste repurposing and reduced extraction of natural resources. This research aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 9 (Industry, innovation, and infrastructure) through material innovation; SDG 11 (sustainable cities and communities) by promoting resilient construction; and SDG 12 (Responsible consumption and production) by utilizing waste. The use of this eco-concrete with up to 5% RP is recommended for non-primary structural elements subject to moderate loads, such as masonry units, blocks, or sub-floors. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería; Universidad Señor de Sipán