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Discharge calibration of fixed-bed sediment-affected sharp-crested weirs using an effective height parameter

Huarca Pulcha A.; Rendón V.; Liza Neciosup R.Á. · Flow Measurement and Instrumentation (2026) · DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103559

Resumen

Fixed-bed sediment accumulation upstream of sharp-crested weirs modifies approach-flow conditions and reduces the accuracy of discharge measurements based on standard calibration equations. This study experimentally investigates the effect of sedimentation on the discharge coefficient of rectangular sharp-crested weirs used for open-channel flow measurement. An integrative hydraulic parameter, the Effective Weir Height (Pe), defined as the difference between weir height (Formula presented) and sediment thickness ((Formula presented) ), is introduced to explicitly account for sediment effects in the head-discharge relationship. Laboratory experiments were conducted using different combinations of (Formula presented) and (Formula presented), including limiting exploratory configurations corresponding to fully silted and free-overfall conditions. Quantitative analyses and empirical calibration were restricted to Pe values between 0.05 and 0.25 m, whereas the Pe​ = 0.00 m configuration was retained only for qualitative hydraulic assessment. For equal Pe​, the head-discharge (h-Q) relationships were consistently organized by the effective weir height, yielding coefficients of determination exceeding 0.98. However, this consistency did not fully extend to the discharge coefficient (Cd), which retained residual variability. An empirical Cd equation based on h/Pe achieved R2 = 0.77, with 67.76% of the calculated discharge values within ±5% error and improved performance for Pe ≥ 0.10 m. These findings indicate that Pe provides a useful first-order hydraulic parameter for organizing the overall head-discharge behavior, while the proposed Cd equation provides a practical reduced-order approximation within the calibrated sediment-affected domain.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa; Universidad Continental