Development and Validation of First Food Dietary Guidelines in Peru: A Qualitative Study

Lázaro-Serrano M.L.; Domínguez-Curi C.H.; Ríos-Castillo I. · Archives of Medical Research (2026) · DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103431

Resumen

Background: The Peruvian Dietary Guidelines (PDG) were developed to promote healthy eating habits and prevent all forms of malnutrition, in accordance with global recommendations. Aim: To document the development and validation process of the PDG for populations over two years of age. Methods: A narrative, qualitative research approach was used, involving a multi-sectoral working group led by the National Center for Food, Nutrition, and Healthy Living of the National Institute of Health (INS/CENAN). The validation process incorporated approximately 600 individuals from 60 focus groups in urban areas from the coastal, highland, and jungle regions. The methodology included content review, expert validation, population-level validation, and review and adjustments to ensure the relevance of the messages. Results: The final version included 12 educational messages, organized into three thematic areas: i) promoting the consumption of natural foods while reducing ultra-processed food intake; ii) reinforcing traditional food preparation practices; and iii) encouraging a healthy lifestyle. The validated messages incorporated suggestions from participants and the final version with three expert panels. Overall, the messages were well received, and participants expressed a clear preference for recommendations. However, challenges in understanding specific terminology were identified, revealing gaps in nutritional literacy. Conclusion: This study reports on the development and validation process of the PDG. The findings contribute to advancements in nutrition policy and offer insights for other countries developing food-based dietary guidelines.