Design and Simulation of a Wideband Wire Antenna Generated from Control Points of a Curve Projected from a Lemniscatic Torus for 5G Applications

Flores-Córdova D.A.; Arellano-Ramírez C.E.; Velezmoro-León R.; Ipanaqué-Chero R. · CEUR Workshop Proceedings (2026)

Resumen

Wideband, compact, and low-cost radiating elements are a bottleneck in the densification of 5G base stations in the n78 band, yet most published designs still arrive at their geometry by perturbing a canonical shape - a patch, a monopole, a slot - through trial and error. Such a process is hard to document, hard for a third party to reproduce exactly, and offers no systematic route to neighbouring geometries. This paper asks instead whether a radiating shape can be derived in closed form from differential geometry. We generate a wire antenna from control points sampled on the planar projection of a curve lying on a lemniscatic torus: the entire layout follows from two coprime integer parameters and is produced symbolically in the Wolfram Language, so that any reader can regenerate the exact geometry from the published expressions. The resulting 103 mm × 100 mm element was simulated with the free solver 4NEC2 and cross-validated against a three-dimensional full-wave solver; both place its natural impedance minimum inside the 3400-3600 MHz 5G band. Matched to 50 Ω by a two-component high-pass L network, the element attains SWR ≤ 1.28 and a reflection coefficient below -18 dB across that band, and holds SWR ≤ 1.6 from approximately 3200 MHz to 3625 MHz, a 12.5% impedance bandwidth that covers the whole of its 3400-3600 MHz design band. With a sectorial pattern and 3.29 dBi gain it is consistent with the requirements of base-station panel elements. The contribution is less the particular antenna than the design route: a parameter-driven family of geometries in which bandwidth and pattern are explored by changing two integers rather than by manual reshaping.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional de Piura