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Construct Validity of the COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI) in a Peruvian Sample During COVID-19 Lockdown and its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression Using Structural Equation Modeling

Pedraz-Petrozzi B.; Böttcher F.; Arevalo-Flores M.; Anculle-Arauco V.; Krüger-Malpartida H. · Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria (2025) · DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2023.12.004

Resumen

Background The main aims of this study were to adapt the COVID-19 peritraumatic distress index (CPDI) to the Peruvian population and to establish a model explaining depression using CPDI values and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown. Finally, we sought predictive values of the obtained CPDI factors for depression and anxiety as a secondary aim. Materials and methods An exploratory factor analysis ( n = 300) was performed, followed by confirmatory factor analysis in a second phase ( n = 1135). To explain depression scores during the COVID-19 lockdown, we performed structural equation modeling (SEM). Finally, we performed a hierarchical regression model (HRM) to evaluate the amount of explained variance of the CPDI factors above depression, anxiety, and socio-demographic variables. Results A 2-factor solution ( rumination and stress ) for the CPDI ( p < 0.001; CFI = 0.99) was found. Concerning the SEM, our model was able to explain 81% of the depression scores ( p < 0.001; CFI = 0.98). Finally, in the HRM, rumination could explain 17% additional variance in depression ( p < 0.001) and 28% in anxiety ( p < 0.001). However, stress showed collinearity with depression and anxiety, not continuing for further HRM analysis. Conclusions Our results showed a 2-factor solution for the CPDI. Moreover, our SEM model showed that female sex, younger age, and incomplete education (with high COVID-related stress and anxiety) lead to more depression symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown. Finally, our HRM showed that people who frequently ruminate during the COVID-19 lockdown are more afraid and negatively affected.

Instituciones: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia