CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF AN UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE WITH A FIRE EXTINGUISHER BALL DROPPING SYSTEM FOR FOREST FIREFIGHTING

Vilchez A.; Rodriguez C.V.; Cervan D. · Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport (2026) · DOI: 10.20858/sjsutst.2026.130.15

Resumen

This study presents the conceptual design of a fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) equipped with a fire-extinguishing ball deployment system for forest firefighting. The UAV design includes a wingspan of 3.250 m and a length of 3.075 m, using the NACA 6412 airfoil and a high-wing configuration to enhance aerodynamic stability. The fuselage and tail dimensions, including horizontal and vertical stabilizers, were optimized for aerodynamic efficiency. The UAV carries a payload of 13.5 kg, consisting of nine fire-extinguishing balls with a diameter of 152 mm each, providing a total effective coverage area of approximately 90 m². This configuration enables rapid and targeted suppression of ignition points in remote areas affected by wildfires during their growth or declining stages. Aerodynamic performance was evaluated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations at 30 m/s and angles of attack (AoA) of 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, and 20°. The UAV achieves a maximum take-off weight of 76.5 kg at an optimal AoA of 7.73°, while the best lift-to-drag ratio (L/D = 29.165) occurs at 5°. Pressure and velocity contours confirm stable flight up to 10° AoA, with stall behavior starting between 15° and 20°. Operational feasibility was assessed for remote regions such as the Amazon, with a take-off distance of 214.3 m and 317.2 m required to clear a 50-ft obstacle. These results demonstrate that the UAV can safely and efficiently deliver fire-extinguishing payloads in areas with limited accessibility, reducing the need for manned firefighting aircraft and providing a safer alternative for forest fire management.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería; Universidad Tecnológica del Perú