Comparison of urine and serum IgG detection ELISA for tegumentary leishmaniasis diagnosis and prognosis

Câmara R.S.B.; Pereira I.A.G.; Lage D.P.; Vale D.L.; Ludolf F.; Galvani N.C.; Freitas C.S.; Oliveira-da-Silva J.A.; Assis B.P.N.; Chaves A.T.; Giusta M.S.; Tavares G.S.V.; Pereira C.N.; Galdino A.S.; Tupinambás U.; Chávez-Fumagalli M.A.; Pascoal V.P.M.; Eller M.T.C.; da Costa Rocha M.O.; Christodoulides M.; Machado-de-Ávila R.A.; Gonçalves D.U.; Coelho E.A.F. · Immunobiology (2024) · DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2024.152853

Resumen

Laboratorial diagnosis of tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is hampered by variable sensitivity and/or specificity of the tests, which are still hampered by blood́ invasive collection. In this context, in the present study, we develop a serum- and urine-based ELISA to TL diagnoses. A recombinant protein (rLiHyA), which was previously showed to be antigenic for the disease, as well as a B-cell epitope produced as synthetic peptide and a Leishmania antigenic extract (SLA), were used as antigens. A total of paired 205 urine and serum samples were used, which were comprised by samples from cutaneous (n = 30) and mucosal (n = 30) leishmaniasis patients, as well as from healthy individuals living in endemic region of disease (n = 45), of patients with Chagas disease (n = 30), leprosy (n = 35), malaria (n = 15) or HIV-infected (n = 20). Results showed that serum-based ELISA presented sensitivity of 24.0 %, 100 % and 41.0 %, when SLA, rLiHyA and synthetic peptide were used as antigens, and specificity of 98.4 %, 98.4 % and 98.4 %, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated and results were 0.74, 1.0, and 0.71, respectively, when SLA, rLiHyA and synthetic peptide were used as antigens. Performing an urine-based ELISA, sensitivity was 28.0 %, 100 % and 75.0 %, respectively, when SLA, rLiHyA, and synthetic peptide were used, while specificity values were of 98.4 %, 98.4 % and 98.4 %, respectively. In addition, the AUC values were 0.82, 1.0, and 0.94, respectively. A significant drop in specific antibodies levels in both patientś serum and urine samples was found six months after treatment, suggesting a prognostic role of rLiHyA for TL. In conclusion, preliminary data suggest the potential of use patient urine to TL diagnoses.

Instituciones: Universidad Católica de Santa María