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COMPARATIVE CHROMOSOME STUDY OF THE WHITE CHINESE AND NAPURÍ VARIETIES OF Allium sativum L.

Calderon-Merma N.; Huamani-Taype L.; Hurtado-Ojeda C.; Condori-Pacsi S.J. · Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems (2025) · DOI: 10.56369/tsaes.6180

Resumen

Background: Allium sativum L. belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family is of great nutritional, economic and gastronomic importance. Within the Andean community, Peru is the main producer and exporter of garlic. Among the cultivars of Allium sativum L. in Arequipa, the 'Chino Blanco' and 'Napuri' varieties stand out. Objective: To characterize cytogenetically two garlic varieties (Chino Blanco and Napurí) planted in the Arequipa region. Methodology: Meristematic apices of Allium sativum L. of the varieties 'Chino Blanco' and 'Napuri' were used to obtain the chromosome preparations, the samples were treated with 8-Hydroxyquinolinoline solution and fixed in Carnoy's solution, and later acid hydrolysis in 1N HCL and stained with Feulgen dye. Results: Both varieties present a number 2n = 16 with metacentric chromosomes, the total size of the chromosomes of the variety 'Napurí' ranged between 43.36 μm and 28.52 μm while the total size of the chromosomes of the variety 'Chino Blanco' ranged between 59.77 μm and 31.43 μm. When comparing the morphometries of the chromosome pairs of both varieties, highly significant differences (p<0.01) were found in the length of the short arm and long arm and the total length of the first seven chromosome pairs, with the 'Chino Blanco' variety being the one with the largest size. Implications: More garlic varieties were unavailable because the most cultivated varieties in the region are 'Chino Blanco' and 'Napurí'. Conclusions: The garlic varieties 'Napuri' and “Chino Blanco” of Allium sativum L. were cytogenetically characterized, in which they present a chromosomal morphology of metacentric type (m), with the chromosomal formula of '16 m'. There are highly significant differences in the total length of chromosomes from pair 1 to pair 7, with the variety 'Chino Blanco' being the one that presents the greatest chromosome size with respect to the variety 'Napuri'. Copyright © the authors.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa