Cognitive impairment in patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: a systematic review

López Zumaeta S.R.; Santa-Cruz-Espinoza H. · Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar (2026)

Resumen

Introduction: COVID-19 presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Several studies have shown that survivors may experience neurological alterations following infection. Objective: To synthesize the scientific evidence on cognitive impairment, with an emphasis on memory processes, in patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome between 2021 and 2023. Methods: In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO/ EBSCOhost, EBMR (Cochrane Library), ProQuest, and SCOPUS databases. The search strategy used the terms: Cognitive Dysfunction AND patients OR adult AND Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome OR Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Results: A total of 3528 scientific articles were identified, of which 13 met the inclusion criteria. The analyzed studies suggest a potential negative impact of COVID-19 on cognitive processes, particularly memory; however, the available evidence does not allow confirmation of a direct and permanent impairment. Conclusions: COVID-19 has an adverse impact on cognitive function; however, the available evidence does not allow for a conclusive confirmation of a specific memory dysfunction.

Instituciones: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia