Biophilic Strategies for Sustainable Educational Buildings in Amazonian Rural Contexts: An Agricultural School for the Asheninka Community

Esenarro D.; Perez J.; Navarro A.; Ricaldi R.; Vilchez Cairo J.; Alvarado Perez K.M.; Aguilar Vizcarra D.; Rios Navio J. · Architecture (2026) · DOI: 10.3390/architecture6020058

Resumen

In recent decades, the Ucayali region, the main territory of the Asheninka communities, has experienced increasing socio-environmental pressures associated with climate change, educational inequality, and territorial vulnerability in rural and indigenous contexts. In response, this research proposes the design of a sustainable agricultural school for the Asheninka community, conceived as an educational building that integrates biophilic strategies to enhance environmental performance and spatial quality. The methodological approach comprises a literature review, site-specific environmental analysis based on hydrometeorological data, and the development of an architectural proposal focused on sustainable building design. Digital tools such as Revit and SketchUp were employed alongside official climatic data sources to support design decision-making. The proposal includes twelve biophilic agricultural classrooms incorporating passive design strategies, rainwater harvesting systems with a capacity of 22.5 m3 per day per classroom, and photovoltaic-powered public lighting systems. Results indicate that the integration of natural ventilation, green infrastructure, and locally sourced materials contributes to significant improvements in thermal comfort, humidity control, and energy autonomy within the educational facilities. The architectural complex is complemented by green corridors and collective open spaces that reinforce environmental performance at the site scale. This study demonstrates that sustainable educational buildings adapted to local ecosystems and climatic conditions can function as effective infrastructures for environmental mitigation and resilient rural development, contributing to more sustainable forms of urban and rural living.

Instituciones: Universidad Ricardo Palma; Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería; Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurímac; Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal