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Bidirectional association between breastfeeding practices and health in Peruvian women: a cross-sectional study

Barriga Rodriguez D.; Palomino Quispe L.P.; Chaquila J.A. · Nutricion Clinica y Dietetica Hospitalaria (2026) · DOI: 10.12873/ncdh-2026-71

Resumen

Objective: To evaluate the bidirectional association between breastfeeding (BF) practices—specifically exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and early initiation of breastfeeding—and the presence of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) and depression among Peruvian women of reproductive age in 2024. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using a secondary analysis of the 2024 Peru Demographic and Family Health Survey. The NCDs assessed included diabetes, hypertension, general obesity, abdominal obesity, and depressive symptoms. The BF practices considered were EBF and early initiation of breastfeeding (within the first hour postpartum). Poisson regression models with robust variance were used. In the first direction of the analysis, NCDs were treated as outcomes and BF practices as exposures; in the second, this relationship was reversed. Results: A total of 7,924 women were evaluated. In the analysis considering BF practices as exposures, early initiation of breastfeeding was associated with a lower prevalence of obesity (PR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84–0.99), diabetes (PR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.26–0.75), and hypertension (PR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.53–0.93), whereas EBF showed no significant associations with disease prevalence. In the reverse analysis, a lower prevalence of EBF was observed among women with abdominal obesity (PR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75–0.97) and mild (PR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74–0.96) and severe depressive symptoms (PR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37–0.89). Additionally, diabetes, hypertension, and depressive symptoms were associated with a lower likelihood of early initiation of breastfeeding. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that the adoption of appropriate BF practices is associated with health benefits, reaffirming their role as a key intervention in promoting maternal and child well-being. Furthermore, the presence of NCDs and mental health problems constitutes adverse factors that may affect the initiation, continuation, and quality of these practices.

Instituciones: Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola