Automated Monitoring System for Hydroponic Crops: Integration of Smart Sensors and IoT Connectivity for Urban Agriculture

Fuentes D.J.; Claros F.J. · Proceedings of the LACCEI international Multi-conference for Engineering, Education and Technology (2025) · DOI: 10.18687/laccei2025.1.1.1106

Resumen

This article presents the design and implementation of an automated monitoring system for hydroponic crops based on smart sensors and IoT connectivity. An ESP32 microcontroller is used as the processing unit, collecting data from pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) sensors. The information is transmitted in real time via the MQTT protocol to a cloud server and viewed through the MyMQTT application, facilitating remote monitoring of the system. The process includes sensor calibration with reference standard solutions, using specific tolerances for each parameter, ensuring measurement stability and accuracy. The results show that the system's implementation improves operational efficiency, reduces water and nutrient use during the first 35 days, and minimizes manual intervention. Furthermore, an estimated cost reduction was observed compared to equivalent commercial systems. This proposal represents a sustainable, economical, and scalable solution for urban agriculture, aligned with the principles of automation and smart agriculture.

Instituciones: Universidad Tecnológica del Perú