Association between nasopharyngeal colonization with multiple pneumococcal serotypes and total pneumococcal colonization density in young Peruvian children

Howard L.M.; Huang X.; Chen W.; Liu Y.; Edwards K.M.; Griffin M.R.; Zhu Y.; Vidal J.E.; Klugman K.P.; Gil A.I.; Soper N.R.; Thomsen I.P.; Gould K.; Hinds J.; Lanata C.F.; Grijalva C.G. · International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2023) · DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.07.007

Resumen

Objectives: We examined the association of nasopharyngeal (NP) pneumococcal co-colonization (>1 pneumococcal serotype) and pneumococcal density in young Peruvian children enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Methods: NP swabs collected monthly from children aged <3 years during both asymptomatic and acute respiratory illness (ARI) periods underwent culture-enriched microarray for pneumococcal detection and serotyping and lytA polymerase chain reaction for density assessment. We examined the serotypes commonly associated with co-colonization and the distribution of densities by co-colonization, age, current ARI, and other covariates. The association of co-colonization and pneumococcal density was assessed using a multivariable mixed-effects linear regression model, accounting for repeated measures and relevant covariates. Results: A total of 27 children contributed 575 monthly NP samples. Pneumococcus was detected in 302 of 575 (53%) samples, and co-colonization was detected in 61 of these 302 (20%). The total densities were higher during ARI than non-ARI periods and lowest among the youngest children, increasing with age. In the multivariable analysis, there was no significant association between pneumococcal density and co-colonization (coefficient estimate 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.11-0.55; reference: single-serotype detections). Serotypes 23B and 19F were detected significantly more frequently as single isolates. Conclusion: Pneumococcal co-colonization was common and not associated with increased pneumococcal density. Differential propensity for co-colonization was observed among individual serotypes.