Artificial Intelligence in Exact and Applied Sciences: A Systematic Review of Uses, Ethical Challenges, and Regulation in the University Context

Yhoel Montenegro Alvarado J.; Manuel Villoslada Chilon A.; Rubén Gavidia Mercedes E.; Raúl Soto Apolitano E.; Otilio Verde Vera R.; Edwin Vaca Rosado R. · Proceedings of the LACCEI international Multi-conference for Engineering, Education and Technology (2025) · DOI: 10.18687/laccei2025.1.1.1884

Resumen

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education is constantly growing, especially in the teaching of sciences. This study examines its impact on university education by identifying its applications, ethical challenges, benefits, and regulatory frameworks. To achieve this, a systematic review of scientific literature was conducted. Findings indicate that faculty members and researchers recognize the potential of AI in the learning process; however, they acknowledge their limited proficiency in using these technologies and emphasize the need for continuous training in AI applications. On the other hand, students extensively rely on AI tools for their academic activities, which may negatively impact the development of analytical reasoning and computational skills. In disciplines such as differential equations, fluid mechanics, geometry, and trigonometry, the most commonly used AI tools include ChatGPT, Bard, Gemini, Copilot, and You. Regarding mathematical computations, error rates in AI-generated responses range from approximately 30% to 70%, depending on problem complexity, raising concerns about their reliability. In this context, universities face the challenge of establishing regulatory frameworks that incorporate ethical principles, information security, and data governance for AI usage in the educational sector.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina; Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva; Universidad Nacional Ciro Alegría; Universidad César Vallejo; Universidad Privada del Norte