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Antibiotic resistance of the enterobacteria Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. on the surface of fish sold in Pucallpa, Peruvian Amazon

Sánchez C.M.; Luna E.L.; Rondón E.J. · Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Peru (2026) · DOI: 10.15381/rivep.v37i1.32921

Resumen

The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance of the enterobacteria Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolated from the body surface of black prochilodus «boquichico» fish (Prochilodus nigricans) to antibiotics for human use. In total, 125 boquichico specimens from nine markets in the city of Pucallpa, in the Peruvian Amazon, were analysed. The fish were rinsed individually in 500 mL of buffered peptone water (BPPW). Samples of the liquid were taken for inoculation and bacterial identification on MacConkey scale, eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar, and biochemical media. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to detect resistance with 12 antibiotics for human use. Forty-five isolates were obtained, with Klebsiella spp. being the most common (75.6%), followed by Escherichia coli (24.4%). All isolates were susceptible to cephalothin, imipenem, and gentamicin. Variable rates of resistance to amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (93.3%), ceftazidime (20.0%), nitrofurantoin (15.6%), aztreonam (13.3%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (13.3%), ceftriaxone (6.7%), ciprofloxacin (2.2%), and cefepime (2.2%) were observed. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of E. coli was less than 0.2, while five Klebsiella spp. isolates showed MAR indices between 0.25 and 0.5, evidencing multidrug resistance. It is concluded that boquichico fish sold in markets in the city of Pucallpa were contaminated with antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. The high resistance to amoxicillin and clavulanic acid is noteworthy, as well as Klebsiella spp. resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and E. coli resistant to cefepime, representing an important finding for public health. © Los autores. Este artículo es publicado por la Rev Inv Vet Perú de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos