Advanced maternal age and risks in the first pregnancy: an analysis of maternal-perinatal complications.

Gutierrez D.F.P.; Sánchez P.A.M.; Arango Ochante P.M. · Ginecologia y Obstetricia de Mexico (2025) · DOI: 10.24245/gom.v93i2.161

Resumen

OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether advanced maternal age is a risk for possible maternal and perinatal complications in first-time pregnant women in each institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective, observational, analytical cohort study of primigravida patients treated at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of the Hospital de Vitarte in Lima, Peru, between January 2014 and December 2018. Associations of risk factors were determined by calculating relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals, considering a p-value < 0.05 as statistically significant in the analyses. RESULTS: 13,185 deliveries were recorded, of which 4.8% (n = 643) were primigravida with advanced maternal age. The mean age of the latter was 38 ± 2 years compared to 26 ± 4 years for primigravidae aged 20 to 34 years. Complications with statistical significance during pregnancy included hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Among these disorders, pre-eclampsia was particularly common in the study group, with an incidence of 23.3% compared with 7.0% in the unexposed group. An increased risk was observed for presentation dystocia, oligohydramnios and large for gestational age. The relevant complications for termination of pregnancy were cesarean section, dysfunctional labor (p = 0.017), and fetal presentation dystocia. CONCLUSION: Advanced maternal age is a risk factor for several maternal and perinatal complications. Multivariate Poisson regression analysis revealed an independent association between advanced maternal age and increased risk of cesarean section, pre-eclampsia, oligohydramnios, dysfunctional labor, presentation dystocia, and neonatal complications.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; Universidad Ricardo Palma; Universidad Peruana Unión