ACE gene polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a study in the North Peruvian Coast population

Serquén López L.M.; Cueva-Puelles L.A.; Horna-Díaz C.A.; Lloclla-Gonzales H.; Mera A.M. · Acta Medica Peruana (2025) · DOI: 10.35663/amp.2025.424.3896

Resumen

Objective: To determine the association between the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated at the Regional Hospital of Lambayeque. Materials and methods: Case–control study with 112 participants (56 cases and 56 controls). Genotypes were identified through electrophoresis. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated to explore associations between clinical variables and the presence of diabetic nephropathy. Results: Arterial hypertension was more prevalent among cases (64%) than controls (27%) and was significantly associated with diabetic nephropathy (adjusted OR: 9.13; 95% CI: 2.38–42.7; p=0.001). Regular use of antihyperglycemic agents was identified as a protective factor (adjusted OR: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.05–0.54; p=0.002). No significant association was found between ACE polymorphism genotypes and diabetic nephropathy: ID (OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.27–2.66) and DD (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.32–1.66); p=0.7. Conclusions: In this sample of Peruvian patients, no significant association was found between the ACE gene polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy. In contrast, arterial hypertension and adherence to antihyperglycemic treatment emerged as key factors.

Instituciones: Universidad César Vallejo; Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo