A Paleogenomic Reconstruction of the Deep Population History of the Andes

Nakatsuka N.; Lazaridis I.; Barbieri C.; Skoglund P.; Rohland N.; Mallick S.; Posth C.; Harkins-Kinkaid K.; Ferry M.; Harney É.; Michel M.; Stewardson K.; Novak-Forst J.; Capriles J.M.; Durruty M.A.; Álvarez K.A.; Beresford-Jones D.; Burger R.; Cadwallader L.; Fujita R.; Isla J.; Lau G.; Aguirre C.L.; LeBlanc S.; Maldonado S.C.; Meddens F.; Messineo P.G.; Culleton B.J.; Harper T.K.; Quilter J.; Politis G.; Rademaker K.; Reindel M.; Rivera M.; Salazar L.; Sandoval J.R.; Santoro C.M.; Scheifler N.; Standen V.; Barreto M.I.; Espinoza I.F.; Tomasto-Cagigao E.; Valverde G.; Kennett D.J.; Cooper A.; Krause J.; Haak W.; Llamas B.; Reich D.; Fehren-Schmitz L. · Cell (2020) · DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.015

Resumen

There are many unanswered questions about the population history of the Central and South Central Andes, particularly regarding the impact of large-scale societies, such as the Moche, Wari, Tiwanaku, and Inca. We assembled genome-wide data on 89 individuals dating from ∼9,000-500 years ago (BP), with a particular focus on the period of the rise and fall of state societies. Today's genetic structure began to develop by 5,800 BP, followed by bi-directional gene flow between the North and South Highlands, and between the Highlands and Coast. We detect minimal admixture among neighboring groups between ∼2,000–500 BP, although we do detect cosmopolitanism (people of diverse ancestries living side-by-side) in the heartlands of the Tiwanaku and Inca polities. We also highlight cases of long-range mobility connecting the Andes to Argentina and the Northwest Andes to the Amazon Basin. Video Abstract: [Figure presented] Genome-wide data from 89 ancient humans illuminates the changes to the genetic landscape in the Central Andes over 9,000 years, revealing large-scale gene flow and cosmopolitan societies in the Tiwanaku and Inca polities.

Instituciones: Universidad de San Martín de Porres