1821, a key year in Peru’s independence. The patriotic political discourse of The Pacificator of Peru, The American, and The Free Andes during the wars of independence

Loroña Veli M.Y.; Yarango Velasquez J.; Morán Ramos D. · Desde el Sur (2026) · DOI: 10.21142/des-1804-2026-0098

Resumen

Traditional historiography has considered 1821 as a key year in the achievement of independence in Peru due to the proclamation made by San Martín in Ciudad de los Reyes. This assertion has been and is continually refuted by contemporary publications. From various works it is known that the process of Spanish American independence arose many years earlier, having different stages within which is the San Martin declaration. With this perspective, the central objective of the research is to analyze the political discourse of the patriotic press during this key year of the independence process, through the newspapers El Pacificador del Perú, El Americano and Los Andes Libres; under three specific axes: the political discourse against the viceroyalty, the narration of the Spanish American war of independence and the political concepts used by a nas-cent patriotic press.

Instituciones: Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola